Sights

Casal Solleric in Palma: Baroque Palace and Contemporary Art

Casal Solleric

On Passeig des Born, one step through the portal is enough for Palma to reveal a different face. Behind the stately façade of Casal Solleric lies a historic courtyard, above which a grand staircase leads to the former reception rooms. Today, Baroque architecture and contemporary art meet here—not as a museum backdrop, but in a cultural venue that remains in active use.

Casal Solleric is therefore rewarding on two levels: anyone interested in Palma’s city palaces will find one of the most vivid publicly accessible interiors in this architectural tradition. Those who come for the art can experience changing exhibitions that may range from photography and installations to design, comics, and conceptual works. These often occupy not only neutral galleries but also the courtyard, staircases, and other parts of the building.

The character of a visit depends heavily on the current program. The building, however, remains the constant: the transition from the lively promenade into the courtyard, the interplay between the floors, and the wrought-iron details of the staircase. This combination makes the venue particularly interesting for travelers who are not looking for a traditional art museum with a permanent collection. Casal Solleric is equally suitable as a cultural destination in its own right or as a focused break during a walk through the old town. Art lovers can spend longer in the exhibitions; architecture enthusiasts should at least take a close look at the courtyard, staircase, and gallery facing the Born.

History and significance

The Morell family home

The palace was built in the second half of the 18th century for the Morell family, one of the wealthiest families in Palma at the time. Construction is dated to the years between 1763 and 1775, and the building is considered one of the island capital’s last great city palaces. At a time when social status was also displayed through architecture, the house combined private living quarters with a ceremonial sequence of portal, courtyard, and monumental staircase.

The family is also linked to the building’s present name. The son of the owner who commissioned it later became Marquis of Solleric; the family residence, once also known as Ca’n Morell, became commonly known as Casal Solleric. In this context, “Solleric” therefore refers to the noble title and the house in Palma—not to an attraction in Sóller.

The design is attributed to the Mallorcan architect Gaspar Palmer. Several accounts name the Italian artist Antonio Soldati as responsible for the sculptural and wrought-iron decoration. His involvement explains the distinctly Italian influence, particularly evident in the metalwork and sculptural ornamentation. At the same time, the layout and individual decorative elements reveal influences from Italian and French Baroque architecture.

From aristocratic palace to art center

For a long time, the building remained an aristocratic residence. A fundamental transformation began when the city of Palma acquired it in 1975. Following extensive alterations, the palace opened in 1985 as an exhibition and documentation center for contemporary art. Its new use made spaces publicly accessible that had originally served the self-representation and daily life of a privileged family.

This change of function is crucial to the experience today. Casal Solleric did not become a historic house museum in which an aristocratic residence is reconstructed as completely as possible. Instead, Palma uses the historic building as an active cultural venue. Exhibitions, presentations, and other formats respond to the palace’s different levels and types of rooms. The historic architecture remains visible but is repeatedly reinterpreted and staged in new ways.

Since opening as an art center, its program has focused primarily on modern and contemporary positions. Alongside painting and photography, past exhibitions have also featured design, comics, and graphic works. Works by internationally renowned photographers have been shown, as have contributions by emerging local and international artists. This openness in its programming has made Casal Solleric an established venue for contemporary culture in Palma.

A public venue on the Born

The fact that a former aristocratic palace can now be entered directly from Passeig des Born carries its own message about the city’s history. The stately architecture, once intended for a limited social elite, now provides access to art and culture. The courtyard forms the opening stage of a public tour.

Casal Solleric thus represents two eras in Palma’s history: the prosperous urban society of the 18th century and the later ambition to give historic heritage an ongoing cultural purpose. Unlike a monument preserved purely for its architecture, the building remains dynamic through its changing exhibitions. On repeat visits, the same staircase, courtyard, or gallery can appear entirely different because of a new artistic work.

What to see

The façade on Passeig des Born

From the promenade, Casal Solleric appears as a formally ordered city palace. The façade gives little indication of how deeply the building extends behind the entrance. Particularly distinctive is the gallery with five arched openings facing the Born. It gives rhythm to the upper section while also indicating the palace’s principal reception floor.

It is worth stepping back briefly before entering to view the façade as a whole. Only then does it become clear how carefully the transition from the public street into the palace’s semi-open world was composed. The portal is not merely an entrance to exhibition galleries; it opens onto an architectural sequence typical of Palma’s aristocratic houses.

The courtyard

The courtyard is the spatial heart of Casal Solleric. Those entering from the Born leave the city traffic behind and step into a clearly defined space structured by arches and galleries. The building’s layout can be understood here at a glance: the entrance below, the staircases and walkways above, and the palace’s various sections opening off them.

Precisely because the courtyard is not overloaded with historic furniture, its proportions stand out clearly. Sightlines draw the eye upward toward balustrades, arches, and flights of stairs. Visitors do not simply pass through a corridor but move through a ceremonially designed space that sometimes becomes part of the exhibition program itself. Site-specific installations can alter routes through the building or encourage visitors to see a familiar architectural feature in a new way. Attention should therefore not be limited to the artworks: the transitions between stone, metal, open spaces, and the adjoining interiors are also part of the experience.

The imperial staircase

The most striking route upward is the imperial staircase. In this type of staircase, the ascent unfolds ceremonially over several flights and becomes a showpiece in its own right. At Casal Solleric, architecture is combined with wrought-iron decoration. The metalwork attributed to Antonio Soldati introduces delicate lines in contrast with the more massive stone elements.

The staircase should not be seen merely as a connection to the next exhibition level. The view from below differs from the perspectives offered by the landings and upper walkways. Those who ascend slowly and turn around along the way can see how the courtyard, stair arms, and galleries are coordinated. This is one of the points where the former palace can most clearly be understood as a stage for social representation.

Contemporary art can also have a more immediate effect here than in an enclosed gallery. Works positioned along stairs, railings, or sightlines enter into dialogue with visitors’ movement. This makes the route less linear: some pieces are first seen from a distance, approached via the steps, and later discovered from another angle when viewed in the opposite direction.

Main floor, mezzanine, and ground floor

The building has three floors and offers distinctly different exhibition settings. Spaces used include the main floor, a mezzanine, and areas on the ground floor. There is also an exhibition space known as Espai Quatre. Depending on the program, the route may therefore pass through large reception rooms, smaller chambers, and more enclosed areas.

This variety is one of the building’s strengths. Photographic series require different conditions from large-scale installations; graphic works have a different impact from installations or projections. Casal Solleric can distribute these formats across several rooms without allowing the historic character to disappear completely behind a standardized museum interior.

In its documented use, the route also included the Aljub, which was likewise used for artistic presentations. Whether all rooms are open and in use during a particular visit depends on the current program and on changeover periods between exhibitions.

Changing exhibitions

A permanently displayed collection is not the focus here. Casal Solleric works with temporary projects, so the themes, scope, and artistic media change. Its exhibitions have included contemporary art and photography as well as comics, design, and printmaking. Solo and group exhibitions may extend across several parts of the building or remain tightly concentrated within a particular room.

For visitors, this means that the building itself can be planned for reliably, while the specific artistic content should be checked in the current program in advance. One exhibition may be quiet and documentary in nature, while another may use projections or site-specific interventions. The courtyard and staircases are sometimes deliberately incorporated instead of serving only as circulation areas between galleries.

The most compelling views often emerge where historic and contemporary design meet directly. An installation in front of Baroque arches, a photographic series in former reception rooms, or a work running along the staircase changes the perception of both. The art gains spatial tension; for a moment, the palace loses its apparent familiarity and becomes visible again as a deliberately designed place.

Visiting Casal Solleric

From the portal into the courtyard

A worthwhile route does not begin by rushing toward the first gallery door but in the entrance area. The courtyard reveals the building’s basic structure and helps with orientation. From here, visitors can see which levels are currently accessible and whether an exhibition begins on the ground floor or continues only after ascending the staircase.

It then makes sense to follow the open exhibition room by room without treating the architecture merely as a backdrop. At each transition, it is worth looking back into the courtyard. From the upper levels in particular, the skillful circulation design of the palace becomes apparent. At the end, the visit can conclude where it began: in the courtyard, looking toward the staircase and out onto the Born.

Because the program changes, there is no permanently fixed route. Some projects extend across several floors, while others are concentrated in individual rooms. The information at the entrance therefore provides a better guide than the expectation of a traditional museum route with a fixed chronological sequence.

How much time should you allow?

Depending on the scope, around one to two hours is a useful guideline for exploring the architecture and a current exhibition. Those who mainly want to see the courtyard and staircase can keep the visit more compact. Photography, video projections, extensive written material, or several exhibitions running in parallel can significantly extend the visit.

The quality of the experience depends less on quickly ticking off every room than on taking short pauses at the spatial transitions. Casal Solleric reveals itself through the movement between courtyard, staircase, gallery, and exhibition rooms. Even if individual artistic positions do not match personal tastes, there is still enough to discover to understand the building as a historic palace.

For families or tour groups, a clear focus is helpful. A small selection of works together with the staircase and courtyard often makes for a more coherent visit than attempting to read every label in full. Those engaging deeply with contemporary art, however, should leave enough time for audiovisual works and multiple exhibition levels.

Program, opening, and admission

Before visiting, it is advisable to check the venue’s current information. Specific opening hours should therefore be verified through official sources immediately before the planned visit. The same applies to current admission arrangements. As these details are not permanently fixed, a quick advance check is more reliable than older travel reports.

Checking the program is particularly important for anyone coming to see a specific art form: Casal Solleric may show photography, installations, or graphic works at the same time, but it does not necessarily cover all these fields on every visit.

Getting there and parking

From Palma Airport to the city center

From Palma Airport, the road route follows the Ma-19 into the island capital. The distance to Palma is 11 road kilometers, and the journey takes around 20 minutes. These details refer explicitly to the route as far as Palma, not directly to the entrance of Casal Solleric. From Palma, the remaining route includes the drive through city traffic to the chosen parking location and the walk through the center.

The final section leads into the densely built-up city center around Passeig des Born. Drivers will therefore usually find it more practical to choose a parking facility on the edge of the old town and continue to the palace on foot. Anyone heading to Palma directly after landing should also bear in mind that luggage can make the short walk through the old town less convenient. The entrance is located directly on the city’s Passeig des Born.

Parking on the edge of the old town

One practical option is to park in a public parking area or garage outside the old town’s narrowest lanes. One alternative sometimes mentioned is the Carrer del Moll parking area on Camí de l’Escullera. It has around 300 spaces and is only slightly farther from the old town than the Marina or Parc de la Mar parking options. From there, the visit can be combined with a walk into the center.

This approach avoids searching for a space in the streets immediately around the Born. Particularly on busy days, it may be sensible not to insist on finding the closest possible parking spot. Walking through the center is part of the city experience, while narrow access roads, one-way systems, and heavy traffic can unnecessarily prolong the search near the attraction.

Parking conditions and access regulations may change. Before driving, visitors should therefore check which city-center areas are currently accessible and whether the chosen parking facility is open. Posted parking charges or time limits are independent of the visitor regulations at Casal Solleric.

On foot and by bus

The palace is easy to reach on foot within the city center. A short old-town route leads from Plaça de Cort to Passeig des Born. It can also be reached without a complicated detour from the areas around Plaça del Mercat. For the final section, the Born is the best point of orientation, as its broad, tree-lined axis is much easier to recognize than individual lanes in the old town.

Several city bus stops are located in the nearby center. Depending on the route, the journey may end at Plaça de Cort, Plaça del Mercat, or an adjacent area, followed by a walk. As routes and departures can change, the appropriate connection should be checked for the day of the visit.

For a full day in Palma, arriving without a car is often the more relaxed option. Casal Solleric is not isolated but lies in the middle of an area where many destinations can be reached consecutively on foot. This allows for practical routes between the Born, the old town, and the harborfront without having to search for another parking space after every stop.

Bus lines to Casal Solleric at a glance

LineRouteDepartures/dayFirstLast
35Aquàrium - Pl. Reina | Catedral807:1015:20
3Pont d'Inca / Joan Carles I607:3710:06
20Portopí - Son Espases607:1708:51
25s'Arenal - Pl. Reina | Catedral609:4512:41

From the official GTFS feeds (TIB/SFM), no real-time data. The figures cover all stops in the town; weekend and holiday services differ — check with the operator before travelling.

Getting there by bus

  • 662-pl. de Cort · 0.1 km as the crow flies

    • CCCircular Centre Ciutat · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
  • 106-pl. del Mercat · 0.2 km as the crow flies

    • 3Pont d'Inca / Joan Carles I · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 4Ses Illetes - Pl. Columnes · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 7Son Gotleu - Son Serra - Sa Vileta / Son Vida · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 20Portopí - Son Espases · 06:06–22:40 · Täglich
  • 52-pl. del Mercat · 0.2 km as the crow flies

    • 4Ses Illetes - Pl. Columnes · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 7Son Gotleu - Son Serra - Sa Vileta / Son Vida · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 20Portopí - Son Espases · 06:06–22:40 · Täglich
    • 35Aquàrium - Pl. Reina | Catedral · 06:21–22:41 · Täglich
  • 663-pl. d'en Coll · 0.2 km as the crow flies

    • CCCircular Centre Ciutat · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
  • 105-pl. de Joan Carles I - Catedral · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • 3Pont d'Inca / Joan Carles I · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 4Ses Illetes - Pl. Columnes · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 7Son Gotleu - Son Serra - Sa Vileta / Son Vida · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 20Portopí - Son Espases · 06:06–22:40 · Täglich
  • 1048-pl. de Joan Carles I · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • 25s'Arenal - Pl. Reina | Catedral · 06:36–21:01 · Täglich
    • 35Aquàrium - Pl. Reina | Catedral · 06:21–22:41 · Täglich
  • 985-pl. de Joan Carles I · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • CCCircular Centre Ciutat · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
  • 53-pl. de Joan Carles I - Catedral · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • 4Ses Illetes - Pl. Columnes · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 7Son Gotleu - Son Serra - Sa Vileta / Son Vida · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
    • 20Portopí - Son Espases · 06:06–22:40 · Täglich
  • 986-pl. de la Reina - Catedral · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • 35Aquàrium - Pl. Reina | Catedral · 06:21–22:41 · Täglich
    • CCCircular Centre Ciutat · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
  • 453-pl. de la Reina - Catedral · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • 25s'Arenal - Pl. Reina | Catedral · 06:36–21:01 · Täglich
  • 664-pl. de sa Quartera · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • CCCircular Centre Ciutat · 08:00–08:00 · Täglich
  • 7-pl. de la Reina - Catedral · 0.3 km as the crow flies

    • 35Aquàrium - Pl. Reina | Catedral · 06:21–22:41 · Täglich

Timetable data: official GTFS feeds (TIB/EMT), no real-time — check with the operator before travelling.

Nearby attractions

Passeig des Born

Its location alone makes Casal Solleric an easy addition to a day in Palma. Passeig des Born is a promenade, shopping avenue, and connection between different parts of the historic center. The city is lively in front of the palace; beyond the portal begins the quieter, clearly structured courtyard. This immediate contrast is one of the strongest impressions of the visit.

After the exhibition, it is worth treating the Born as more than just a thoroughfare. Routes lead from here into the shopping streets, to Plaça del Mercat, and deeper into the old town. Those who visit the palace first will be better able to understand the other palaces and façades they see afterward: Casal Solleric demonstrates how much spatial depth can be hidden behind a stately street frontage.

Palma’s old town

The historic cityscape becomes denser toward Plaça de Cort. The square and surrounding lanes can easily be combined with Casal Solleric without a long journey. Farther south are the monumental areas around La Seu Cathedral and Parc de la Mar. They offer a different architectural focus and therefore make a fitting continuation: from a Baroque aristocratic palace to Palma’s ecclesiastical architecture.

Such a combination does not have to become a tightly scheduled sightseeing marathon. Casal Solleric works particularly well as an indoor stop between longer walks through the city. In summer, the stone building also offers a break from the sun and heat before the walk continues through open squares and lanes. Can Balaguer can also be included as another cultural venue along the route. Casal Solleric remains the place where a historic setting is most consistently confronted with changing contemporary art.

Art in Palma

For a day focused on modern and contemporary art, Casal Solleric can be combined with Es Baluard or Fundación Juan March. The venues follow different concepts: here, the focus is a Baroque palace filled with changing exhibitions; elsewhere, visitors encounter broader museum contexts and collections. This difference prevents the experience from becoming repetitive.

Those with limited time should choose the combination based on the current program. A photography exhibition at Casal Solleric may pair well with another art venue; an elaborate installation project may require more attention and make an additional major exhibition on the same day less worthwhile. The central location keeps both options open.

Even without another museum, the route quickly returns to everyday Palma after the visit. Cafés, shops, and squares begin practically outside the door. Casal Solleric therefore does not require a separate day trip but can be placed precisely between other stops—with enough time to ensure that the courtyard and staircase are not merely glimpsed in passing.

Practical visitor information

What to expect

Casal Solleric is not a traditional museum with a permanently displayed collection and a route through fixed periods of art history. The focus is on temporary exhibitions and cultural projects. Anyone coming for a particular artist, photography show, or installation should check in advance whether the relevant exhibition is still running and which rooms are being used for it.

Nor is it a fully furnished aristocratic palace. Historic furniture ensembles and reconstructed living spaces are not the main subject. The architecture itself—the courtyard, staircase, galleries, and sequence of rooms—tells the building’s story. The galleries, however, are used for contemporary art and may appear deliberately minimal, darkened, or heavily altered depending on the project.

Between two exhibitions, the experience may be considerably more limited than during an extensive program. Architecture enthusiasts will still find their main points of interest in the courtyard and staircase. For art travelers, checking the program in advance is all the more worthwhile.

Clothing and conduct inside

No special equipment is required for a visit. Comfortable shoes are nevertheless advisable, as Casal Solleric is usually part of a longer walk through central Palma and exhibitions may extend across several levels. The floors and stairs of a historic building require more attention than those in a completely level modern structure.

On hot days, the interior provides a pleasant break during a city walk. Sun protection remains important for the route along the Born and through the surrounding streets, even though part of the visit takes place indoors. A relaxed pace is also recommended for photography or video installations. Projections often reveal themselves only after several minutes, and some works change their effect depending on where the viewer stands.

Visiting with children

The building can also work well with children, especially if the visit focuses on a few specific discoveries. The courtyard, grand staircase, arches, and changing perspectives are more accessible than long art-historical texts. Depending on the program, installations, photographs, or comic exhibitions may provide additional points of interest.

Not every contemporary exhibition, however, is designed specifically for children. Themes, delicate objects, and audiovisual content vary. Parents should therefore check the current program and ensure that children keep their distance from freestanding works inside the building. A compact route through the courtyard, staircase, and selected rooms is often more practical than attempting to read every exhibition text.

For younger children, the visit can be turned into a search activity: Where do the flights of stairs begin, how many levels can be seen from the courtyard, and where do old architectural elements meet new art? This keeps their attention on verifiable features of the building without reducing the exhibition to a mere stop along the way.

26°C Palma
What is Casal Solleric, and why is it worth visiting?
Casal Solleric is an 18th-century Baroque city palace on Passeig des Born in Palma that is now used as a public center for contemporary art. It is worth visiting not only for the changing exhibitions in fields such as photography, installation, design, and comics. The stately courtyard, imperial staircase, wrought-iron work, and gallery with five arches on the façade are equally worth seeing. It is precisely the encounter between historic architecture and contemporary art that distinguishes the building from a traditional museum with a permanent collection.
What opening hours and admission rules apply at Casal Solleric?
Specific opening hours and current admission arrangements should be checked through the venue’s official information before visiting, as these details may change. It is also advisable to look at the current program: Casal Solleric presents temporary projects, meaning that the same floors and rooms are not used on every occasion. Anyone coming specifically for a particular exhibition should verify its dates and accessibility immediately before traveling.
What is the most important architectural sight at Casal Solleric?
The courtyard and adjoining imperial staircase form the building’s most impressive ensemble. From the courtyard, the different levels, arches, and galleries can all be seen at once. The staircase is not merely a route through the building but a ceremonial showpiece of the former aristocratic palace. Its wrought-iron decoration is attributed to the Italian artist Antonio Soldati. For the best overall impression, it is worth first viewing the courtyard from below and then turning around again on the staircase landings. From each height, the relationship between the staircase, walkways, and open spaces changes.
What kind of art is shown at Casal Solleric?
The program focuses on modern and contemporary art and changes regularly. Documented exhibitions have included photography, installations, painting, printmaking, design, and comics. Alongside internationally renowned figures, the venue also presents emerging local and international artists. Some projects remain confined to individual galleries, while others incorporate the courtyard, staircases, or Aljub. Casal Solleric is therefore less a museum for revisiting a permanent collection than a place that can look different with every visit. The current exhibition program is crucial when planning.
How much time should you allow for Casal Solleric?
Around one to two hours is a useful guideline if you want to view both the architecture and the current exhibitions at a relaxed pace. A compact visit to the courtyard, staircase, and a few rooms may be shorter. More time is advisable if several exhibitions are running in parallel or if the program includes video works, extensive photographic series, and longer accompanying texts. As the route is not permanently fixed, the actual duration depends heavily on the current program. Architecture enthusiasts should also allow for short pauses in the courtyard and on the staircase landings, where the best views of the palace open up.
When is the best time to visit Casal Solleric if you prefer it quieter?
There is no universally quiet time that can be specified. Casal Solleric presents changing exhibitions and uses different rooms and levels depending on the project. Some presentations are concentrated in individual galleries, while others incorporate the courtyard, staircases, or additional parts of the building. Anyone particularly interested in the architecture can focus on the courtyard, imperial staircase, galleries, and façade on Passeig des Born. Before visiting, it is advisable to check the current program and the venue’s official information to find out which parts of the building are accessible and which exhibitions are on view.
How do you get from Palma Airport to Casal Solleric?
From Palma Airport, the road route initially follows the Ma-19 to Palma. The distance into the city is 11 road kilometers, and the journey takes around 20 minutes. These figures expressly apply only as far as Palma; the final section to Casal Solleric also involves city traffic, finding parking, and walking to Passeig des Born. As the palace is located in the heart of the center, it is usually practical to drive to a parking facility on the edge of the old town and continue on foot. Those using a bus or taxi can use Passeig des Born, Plaça de Cort, or Plaça del Mercat as points of orientation for the final section.
Where can you park when visiting Casal Solleric?
Public parking facilities on the edge of the old town are more practical. One possible alternative is the Carrer del Moll parking area on Camí de l’Escullera, with around 300 spaces. It is only slightly farther from the old town than the Marina or Parc de la Mar parking options. From there, the route continues into the center on foot. Before traveling, visitors should check the current access regulations, whether the chosen parking facility is open, and any possible time restrictions.
Is Casal Solleric suitable for visiting with children?
Casal Solleric can work well with children if the route remains compact and engaging. The courtyard, arches, galleries, and grand staircase offer tangible things to discover without requiring lengthy art-historical explanations. Depending on the program, installations, photography, or comic exhibitions may provide additional accessible points of interest. As the themes of contemporary exhibitions change, the current show should be checked in advance. Not every work is expressly designed for a young audience. Visitors should also ensure that freestanding or delicate artworks inside the building are not touched.
Is Casal Solleric a historic house museum with original furnishings?
No. Although the building was created as the aristocratic residence of the Morell family and was later associated with the Marquis of Solleric, it is not presented today as a fully furnished noble home. Historic furniture ensembles and reconstructed living spaces are not the focus. What remains tangible above all is the architecture, with its courtyard, imperial staircase, galleries, and sequence of different floors. The rooms are used for temporary contemporary art and can be greatly altered by installations, projections, or new exhibition designs. Anyone expecting a permanent palace collection should therefore approach the visit differently.
Which attractions can be combined with Casal Solleric?
Thanks to its location on Passeig des Born, the building can easily be integrated into a walk through the old town. One obvious route leads via Plaça de Cort and continues toward La Seu Cathedral and Parc de la Mar. Those wishing to compare historic townhouses can include Can Balaguer. For an art-focused day, Es Baluard or Fundación Juan March are suitable additional stops. A combination is particularly worthwhile because the venues have different emphases: Casal Solleric combines a Baroque palace with changing exhibitions, while other museums are shaped more strongly by their collections and permanent art-historical contexts.